What Are Annual Medics?.
Photo of Medicago scutellata plant and alfalfa plant
They are legumes, related to alfalfa.
They are true annuals, they flower, set seed and die within one growing season.
They are all self-pollinating, therefore bees are not required to produce seed.
They are native to the Mediterranean region of the world.
In Australia the annual medics are used as a winter annual, they germinate in the fall, grow during the winter, set seed and die in the spring. If planted in the spring they would be called summer annuals. Most of the medics complete their life cycle in 65 to 100 days after planting. The annual medics are not cold hardy and they will die after a killing frost. In dry climates, like Australia, southern California, and Arizona: annual medics have the potential to produce hard seeds which can regenerate and become a subsequent crop.
However, in other partsof the country such as the Midwest were there is adequate soil moisture a few hard seed will be produced which can volunteer the next growing season, but they can be controlled with cultivation. Reseeding of m. scutellata from previous years pods
Photo showing diversity of annual medic seed pods Medics have unique, distinct pods with seeds usually larger than those of alfalfa. Annual medics generally have greater seedling vigor than alfalfa; especially the large seeded types.
Snail and gama medics have some natural resistance to the alfalfa weevil and potato leafhopper due to gland tipped hairs on the stems, leaves and pods. Electron micrograph of alfalfa weevil larvae stuck on gland tipped hairs
Medics appear to be best adapted to soils with a pH of 6 and above; however, some species are more tolerant to low pH soils. Annual medic seeds should be planted ¼ to ½ inch deep at a rate of 12 - 16 lbs/acre for small seeded species such as burr medic and 25 - 42 lbs/acre for large seeded species such as snail medic.
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